![](data:image/png;base64,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)
光学設計ノーツ
光学設計ノーツ 4 (ver.1.0)
Newton ring について
Newton ring とは現代でも、レンズ研磨工程、或いは検査においてレンズ表面の品質
を簡便に、多くの用途で十分な精度で検査するために大きな役割を果たしている干渉縞の
ことである。この干渉縞を検査に用いる手法は、その名の通り18世紀から実用化されて
いる検査法であるが、堅牢な干渉測定器がレーザの生まれる遥か以前のこの時代に完成さ
れ、今日まで成果を上げ続けている事になる。今回はこの Newton ring について考えさせ
ていただきたい。
1. 楔形薄板における干渉
前回は平行な薄板における干渉を考えたが、今回は互いに平行ではない平面で構成され
た、空気中の屈折率nの楔形の薄板による干渉を考えよう。
図1において S を点光源としてそこから表面上の点 A で硝子に入射・屈折して裏面 B
で反射し S’に至る光線と、S から直接 S’にいたる光線による点 S’、硝子表面上の点近
傍における干渉を考えよう。ここで図 1 の如く、S’から線分 AB に垂線を下し、其の交点
を K とする時、S’における厚さ d が S から、A,或いは S’までの距離に比べ十分に小さい
とすれば、KS’を光線 AB に直交する波面と考える事が出来よう。であれば光路長を[ ]で
表せば、
'SSSAK
従って S’における二つの光線の光路差は
nBSKBSSSABS ''' (1)
また、B 法線から計った B における入射角、反射角をθとして
cos
'd
BS
2cos'BSKB