![](data:image/png;base64,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光学設計ノーツ 7 (ver.1.0)
デジタル光学機器のサンプリング画像について
1.はじめに
今回からは、趣向を大きく変えて現在の光学機器を考える上で中心的な撮像システムと言っ
てよい、CCD,CMOS 等によるデジタル画像システムについて検討させていただく。こうした素子は、
フィルムなどに比べ、より受光部の構造性が顕著であり、それが出力値に大きな影響をもたらす。
こうした受光ディバイスとしての重要性が増している撮像素子により得られるサンプリング画像
とレンズ等による古典的な光学系による結像との関係について主に検討する。
2.サンプリング画像について
撮像素子によるサンプリング画像理論について整理させていただこう。最も簡単に考え
ると、CCD においては CCD 素子面全体に画素が規則的に配置されていて、それら画素の中央に
光を直接受ける受光部フォト・ダイオードが存在している。そして、画素面積に対する受光部面積
の割合を開口率と呼ぶ。もし、受光部(開口部)、画素がそれぞれ一辺の長さが
w,P
の正方形であ
るとすると、開口率は
w
2
/
P
2
と表わせる。当然、
P
は画素の中心と中心の距離、受光部の並びのピッチでもある。
撮像素子上の、光学系による結像が1次元的な走査により電気信号に変換され、また画像に
再構成されると考え、ここでは単純に1次元的に取り込まれる画像について考察しよう。図 1(a)にあ
る様に光学系による結像の照度分布を
g(x)
とすると、CCD の巾
w
の有効受光部の並びを表わす関
数
c
(
x
)(図 1(b))により、この
g(x)
が切り取られる。この様子が図 1(c)である。ところが、実際には受
光部
内においては結像の細部の情報は存在せず、受光量の平均値がこの受光部の出力する情報とな
り、図 1(e)における
f(x)
が適当な CCD からの出力信号を表わす。
1